How to Start an NGO in India: A Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Define Your Vision and Mission  

The first step in learning how to start an NGO in India is to define your goals clearly. Ask yourself:  

•  What cause do you want to address (e.g., education, poverty, women’s empowerment)?  
•  Who is your target audience?  
•  What impact do you aim to create?  

Your mission statement is not just a formality, it’s the compass that will guide your NGO’s activities and attract like-minded supporters, donors, and volunteers. It’s the heart of your organization, inspiring you and others to stay focused on your noble cause.

Step 2: Choose the Right Legal Structure  

In India, NGOs can be registered under three primary legal frameworks:  

1. Trust (under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882)  

•   Ideal for small-scale operations with a few trustees.  
•   Requires a trust deed outlining objectives and management.  

2. Society (under the Societies Registration Act, 1860)  

•  Suitable for group-led initiatives.  
•  Needs a minimum of 7 members to form a governing body.  

3. Section 8 Company (under the Companies Act, 2013)  

•     Best for NGOs seeking corporate credibility and funding.  
•     Requires at least two directors and a memorandum of association.  

Choosing the right structure is critical to starting an NGO in India, as it affects taxation, compliance and scalability.

Step 3: Gather Required Documents  

Depending on the structure, you’ll need specific documents to register your NGO. Here’s a general checklist for how to start an NGO in India:  

•  Identity proof (Aadhaar, PAN, or passport) of founders/members.  
•  Address proof (utility bill or rent agreement) of the registered office.  
•  Memorandum of Association (MoA) and Rules & Regulations.  
•  Trust deeds (for trusts) or bylaws (for societies).  

Having these documents ready streamlines the registration process.

Step 4: Register Your NGO  

Here’s how to legally register your NGO based on its structure:  

1. Trust Registration

•     Draft a trust deed with objectives, trustee details, and property (if any).  
•     Submit it to the local Registrar of Trusts along with fees.  

2. Society Registration  

•     File the MoA and bylaws with the Registrar of Societies in your state.  
•     Pay the applicable registration fee (varies by state).  

3. Section 8 Company Registration  

•  Apply for a Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) and Director Identification Number (DIN).  
•   File Form INC-12 with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) to obtain a license.  
•     Submit incorporation documents (SPICe+ form) online.  

Registration is a pivotal step in how to start an NGO in India, ensuring legal recognition.

Step 5: Obtain Tax Exemptions and Certifications  

To maximize funding opportunities, apply for:  

• 12A Registration: Exempts your NGO’s income from tax.  
• 80G Certification: Allows donors to claim tax deductions on contributions.  
• FCRA Registration: Required if you plan to accept foreign donations (mandatory after 3 years of operation).  

These certifications enhance credibility and are key considerations for starting an NGO in India.

Step 6: Build a Team and Network  

Recruit passionate volunteers, staff, and board members—who share your vision. Networking with other NGOs, government bodies, and donors is essential for growth. Use social media and community events to raise awareness about your cause.

Step 7: Plan Fundraising and Operations  

Sustainability is vital for any NGO. Explore fundraising options like:  

•  Crowdfunding platforms.  
•  Corporate CSR partnerships.  
•  Government grants.  

A budget and operational plan should also be created to manage resources effectively. This step relates to starting an NGO in India with long-term success in mind.